Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian provinces in the competition for the development of NBIC technological convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on Yazd province. Method: This research, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant research records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the province's future in technological convergence competition emerged. Findings: The two key drivers affecting the success of the province in the competition for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the province in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the provinces to be able to succeed in the forthcoming competitions in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the research and commercialization of these technologies.

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

Face recognition from digital images is used for surveillance and authentication in cities, organizations, and personal devices. Internet of Things (IoT)-powered face recognition systems use multiple sensors and one or more servers to process data. All sensor data from initial methods was sent to the central server for processing, raising concerns about sensitive data disclosure. The main concern was that all data from all sectors that could contain confidential information was placed in a central server. Federated learning can solve this problem by using several local model training servers for each region and a central aggregation server to form a global model in IoT networks. This article presents a novel approach to optimize data transfer and convergence time in federated learning for a face recognition task using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). The aim of the study is to balance the trade-off between training time and model accuracy in a federated learning environment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing data transfer and convergence time, leading to improved performance in face recognition accuracy. This research provides insights for researchers and practitioners to enhance the efficiency of federated learning in real-world applications.

اساس حیات بشری در زیست کرهٔ مسکون تعادل در چرخهٔ سه گانهٔ آب، غذا و انرژی است که، در صورت خلل در این چرخه، حیات دچار مشکل می شود. همچنین، بهره مندی و بهره برداری منصفانه از زمین و منابع طبیعی بر این مهم افزوده می شود. حال این که، براثر بهره برداری های نادرست انسانی و مصنوعی، وقایع جبران ناپذیری پدید می آیند که در ناکامی چرخهٔ حیاتی بشری تأثیر بسزایی دارند. از جملهٔ این وقایع می توان به تغییرات اقلیمی اشاره کرد که بحران های زیست محیطی نامحدودی بر جای می گذارند. این مهم مسئلهٔ حاشیه ای نیست، بلکه مسئلهٔ روز جهانی و زیست کره محسوب می شود. در این پژوهش، سعی بر آن است، با برشمردن وقایع و مصائب پیش رو، خلأهای ابزاری در حوزهٔ مسئولیت و ضرورت همکارهای بین المللی در پرتو دیپلماسی واکاوی شود. این پژوهش درپی پاسخ به این پرسش است که تحقق الگوی همگرایی اقلیمی در روابط دوسویهٔ خود با چرخهٔ سه گانه (انرژی، غذا و آب) چگونه محقق می شود؟ بر این اساس، اهمیت موضوع تغییرات اقلیمی و اثر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم آن در ابعاد حیاتی بشر ما را بر این داشت تا نگاهی به این موضوع داشته باشیم.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

تمایل دولت ها به تشکیل اجتماعات اقتصادی منطقه ای در کنار سازمان ها و اتحادیه های بزرگ بین المللی مانند سازمان تجارت جهانی و اتحادیه ی اروپا، که اغلب مبتنی بر توجیهات اقتصادی و سیاسی است، چه در بدو شکل گیری و چه در طول حیات آنها، خالی از موانع حقوقی نیست. جهانی شدن علاوه بر ابعاد اقتصادی دارای جنبه های حقوقی نیز است که از جمله ی آن می توان به یکسان سازی قواعد حقوقی اشاره کرد. تلاش و ثمره ی فعالیت برخی سازمان های بین المللی مانند کمیسیون تجارت بین الملل آنسیترال، مؤسسه ی وحدت حقوق خصوصی رم و. . . در راستای حذف یکی از موانع حقوقی همگرایی اقتصادی یعنی تعارض قوانین داخلی دولت ها صورت گرفته است. علاوه بر این، عوامل دیگری مانند اصل حاکمیت دولت ها مطابق منشور ملل متحد، صلاحیت های موازی در رسیدگی به اختلافات تجاری، استثنائات اجرای احکام داوری و قضایی خارجی و همچنین توسعه ی صلاحیت دادگاه های داخلی مانع از همگرایی کامل اقتصادی شده است. در مقاله ی حاضر عوامل مذکور در اتحادیه ی اروپا و اتحادیه ی تجارت آزاد اروپا (افتا) بررسی و نشان داده خواهد شد که این عوامل چگونه بر همگرایی یا واگرایی اقتصادی تأثیر داشته اند.

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